Smart on Crime: More Safety at Less Cost
Published August 14, 2009 @ 05:59AM PT
[Editor's Note: Kamala Harris is currently the District Attorney of San Francisco, the first woman to be elected to the office in the city. She is a candidate for Attorney General of California in 2010, and we're excited to have her guest blog about an innovative approach she has taken to addressing a chronic problem in San Francisco, which impacts all of California: prisoner re-entry.]
When the California State Legislature reconvenes Monday, dealing with the corrections crisis will no doubt be on the top of everyone's "to do" list. The Governor signed a budget requiring a $1.2 billion reduction in the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation budget, and a panel of three federal judges recently ordered a cap on the state prison population that could result in the release of more than 40,000 inmates. If ever there was a time to think outside the box and break with the approaches of the past, the time is now. We have to do something different.
Over the last thirty years, California's prison population has soared. In 1980, California had a prison population of about 24,000 in a state of 24 million. Today we have an inmate population of 172,000 out of 36 million people. This means that since 1980, our population has grown by 50% while our prison population has grown 617%.
Today, the majority of those inmates are not first-time offenders. Each year, approximately 70 percent of those released from California prisons commit another offense, resulting in the highest recidivism rate in the nation. These repeat offenses are preventable crimes that claim more victims and harm communities' quality of life. It costs on average more than $10,000 to prosecute just one felony case, and about $47,000 per year to house each inmate in prison. Every time an inmate is released and commits a new crime, local and state jurisdictions pay those costs over and over again. Most importantly, individuals and communities pay the highest price when they are re-victimized by crime. To keep our communities safe and use public money wisely, we must insist that people coming out of the criminal justice system become productive citizens and stay out.
In San Francisco, I have developed a smart on crime approach: we must be tough on serious and violent offenders while we get just as tough on the root causes of crime. In my office, we have raised felony conviction rates and sent more violent offenders to state prison, at the same time we have launched innovative, cost effective approaches to reduce recidivism and break the cycles of crime.
Four years ago my office pioneered a model reentry initiative called "Back on Track" to reduce recidivism among nonviolent offenders. Back on Track combines accountability with opportunity to ensure that first-time nonviolent drug offenders are held accountable, stop committing crime and become self-sufficient. In Back on Track, offenders plead guilty and commit to strict court supervision as they complete an intensive personal responsibility program. They get trained for a job, go back to school, get current with child support, enroll in parenting classes, and become positive contributors in their communities. The program encompasses swift sanctions for making bad choices and clear incentives for good ones. As a result, less than 10 percent of Back on Track graduates have re-offended compared to a 54 percent recidivism rate statewide for a comparable population of offenders. We have achieved this success at a fraction of the cost of traditional corrections approaches. Back on Track costs about $5,000 annually per participant, compared to between $35,000 and $47,000 for a year in jail or prison.
To graduate, Back on Track participants must be employed or in school. The program has been selected as a national model by the National District Attorney's Association and at least two jurisdictions have replicated the initiative. We are proving that preventing recidivism is both doable and cost-effective.
This is just one example of what can be done to improve public safety and break the cycle of crime. Being smart on crime requires changing our thinking. Albert Einstein once said, "The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them." The State of California is at an economic crossroads that demands new approaches. With a genuine investment in breaking cycles of crime, we can improve public safety at the same time that we save precious public resources. That is smart on crime.
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Comments (24)
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In December 2003, Kamala Harris was elected as the first woman District Attorney in San Francisco's history, and as the first African American woman in California to hold the office. She was overwhelmingly reelected to a second term in November 2007.
District Attorney Harris is the recipient of numerous awards. California’s largest legal newspaper, The Daily Journal, designated Harris as one of the top 75 women litigators in California – the only elected official to receive that honor – as well as one of the top 100 lawyers in the state.
Harris is a candidate for Attorney General of California in 2010. You can find out more about her campaign at www.kamalaharris.org.
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Thanks to DA Harris for an excellent post. We need more DAs like her, and like Dallas DA Craig Watkins, in the U.S. We're wasting the potential of millions of Americans and destroying families and communities by incarcerating people with no plan for recovery and no plan for reintegration.
This commitment to new thinking on criminal justice is crucial and it's spreading.
Posted by Matt Kelley on 08/14/2009 @ 09:09AM PT
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Matt, We thank you for your very current and informative action website. We value your opinion.
Posted by Camille Tilley on 09/07/2009 @ 03:46PM PT
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Hi Matt wish people like you could help my son Thanks for great info Sheryl
Posted by Sheryl Cruz on 11/07/2009 @ 08:02AM PT
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Are all of these 40,000 released inmates going to be participating in the Back on Track program? According to the recidivism statistics in this blog (70% - Highest in nation) that would mean that 28,000 of the 40,000 released would end up back in prison. That doesn't sound like a very productive approach and it puts California's public at risk. Unless there is a proven system at work, I don't think simply releasing almost 25% of California's prison population will do any good.
Posted by Dennis G. on 08/14/2009 @ 10:57AM PT
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I think your point that without a proven system of addressing recidivism the release of a substantial number of CA's prison population won't do a whole lot of good. But I think that's in part the reason why Harris' proven Back on Track program is important, and why we should be supporting it. I don't think that's what the 40,000 released prisoners will be going through since it's currently an SF-specific program, but it certainly should be.
Posted by Rob Yang on 08/14/2009 @ 11:34AM PT
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It's hard not to make a snarky remark about reading comprehension in relation to your remark. Please re-read with the following reader's guide: DA Harris' program is tailored to NON-violent drug offenders. Hence with compliance, 10% recidivism. General CA prison population release with no Back on Track Program 70%. Approx 45% of general CA prison pop is NON Violent drug offenders. If we assume that 45% of the general release pop is also nonviolent drug offenders, that means recidivism (undifferentiated) is 70% as well. HMMMM. Expensive $47000 to achieve undesirable results, vs inexpensive 7000 to achieve more desirable outcome. WHY ARE WE INCARCIRATING NON-VIOLENT 1st TIME DRUG OFFENDERS> who benefits?
Wait, you're against reducing prison population in a budget crisis by using proven recidivism reduction programs and you're not very literate; Do we have a prison guard here, hmmm.
Posted by Ruth Larsen on 08/17/2009 @ 07:50AM PT
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Actually, you're the one with a problem in reading comprehension. I never stated that Harris' program would not work. I simply asked if all of the released prisoners would be made to enter such a program. Furthermore, Rob Yang above pointed out that Back on Track is San Francisco specific, so I guess only a small percentage of the released will be using the program.
You state that I am against using proven recidivism reduction programs. Wrong again. Any program that reduces recidivism is fine by me. My problem is with releasing prisoners into the public with no program or aftercare at all. I also ask that when releasing inmates, California be VERY careful in screening who they let out in the interest of public safety. I don't buy the idea that every non-violent offender is not a threat to society.
Finally, you need not educate me in literacy and your assumption that I am a prison guard is incorrect as well. While I think being a corrections officer is a respectable position, I am not in that line of work.
Thanks for the attempted insults, but you're not as smart as you think you are.
Posted by Dennis G. on 08/17/2009 @ 10:03AM PT
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My problem is with releasing prisoners into the public with no program or aftercare at all...
Can you pleae explain to me the current program / aftercare used in CA to treat / assist non violent offenders... and how this effects the rate of ricidivism... I see your point, but it appears that you are challenging her system / objective without offering a solution.
Posted by G Daniels on 10/18/2009 @ 01:29AM PT
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Thanks DA Harris for your insight and innovation. I think you are absolutely right for dealing with the causes of recidivism. Back on Track sounds like an excellent program and model for cities and states. I am wondering why alcohol and drug counseling are not included as a part of the program. It seems that that would be a critical component as well. More often than not crimes are committed by those under the influence or who are supporting an addiction. Seeing first hand the devastation to communities like San Francisco and Oakland, where it is nearly impossible for felons to mainstream (because they can't get jobs), a program that deals with the "whys" is the kind sounds like the kind of change we would all benefit from. Thank You!
Posted by Tasha Keeble on 08/14/2009 @ 12:17PM PT
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Well when you keep releasing violent ciminals, theives and vandels, no wonder they go right back to crime over and over. Why not release the ever growing population of non violent drug offenders first,, oh no not a bunch of pot heads released. What a joke, keep ignoring the fact that half the problem is the non violent drug users, that they shouldnt even be there to begin with and the fact that you could save all that space and money by not criminalizing drug use, its a joke. No just keep releasing true criminals, car theives, assult offenders, vandels, so many others, keep the non violent locked up, gee it works so well!
Untill we change our failed drug policies, prisons are going to keep being over crowded, need more money to operate and the need to build more and more and more will just keep going. But why not, we have more people in prison than any country in the world today, so why would we want to change what we are doing? Heck if we could get to 95% of americans in prison, then the true rulers can step forward, the top 5%, they have all the money of the population anyhow. Then we the 95% can be their slaves, make their stuff and serve them, isnt that what we are working towards anyhow?
We need to rethink our justice system and reform our failed drug laws, that has to happen first before anything will ever change! Sure release people but until you address this growing issue your just making room for more non violent drug users and releasing true criminals to make that room!
Posted by Brent In Kentucky on 08/14/2009 @ 01:50PM PT
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This is a great "thought" and "idea", but I don't think you're on the exact track in your "perspectives" of being "judgemental" on who you are going to get "Back on Track". Only those that have shown improvement in the prison inmate records, including already accomplishing education, and skills to meet the criteria for when they are released into society for the "real world" are the ones that should be paroled, regardless of the offense(s), conviction(s), - there has been an Establish made that California has now put the proper correction in giving each facility/institute the compliment of the real justification of releasing inmates and paroling inmates, and that is "Rehabilitation".
*If you are planning to put a new project in now to education and put inmates into a $5,000 educational program, if they have been doing time and not getting there education when all along it has been made in all available to them, it would only mean that you are "Allowing" inmates to gain the knowledge of "if you go to school we'll let you out" - this is only educating the criminal mind - in giving them the idea of what they should have know all along.
Get an Education on your own interest!
No programs to be offered to "get-out-of-jail/prison-free-card" that's cheating - this is nothing more than "free ticket" to those that you are "choosing" to be in class, everyone should have this opportunity then, otherwise, you've got a discrimation case that's going to be against you!
Ms. Bland
Posted by Jennifer Bland on 08/14/2009 @ 05:03PM PT
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I love the ideal but will there be jobs for the people getting out, housing so that they are not homeless. I think that this puts people back in jail. I may of miss these issues in the blog but it needs to be addresses.
Posted by Lynn Brown-Lee on 08/15/2009 @ 12:43PM PT
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Thank you Kamala Harris, California needs more DA’s with the same common sense approach. Many are counting on you to win the AG position. I certainly hope you will convince other DA’s in the state that reform is so badly needed. 4,000 people in this state are serving life sentences for non-violent crimes under California Three Strikes Law. These sentences need to be reversed and allowed to be re-sentenced to a time that fits the crime! That alone will save the state billions and allow for more programs to help violent offenders as 95% are coming home someday, like it or not!
Posted by Francis Courser on 08/16/2009 @ 12:29PM PT
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chickens comming home to roost...by making a plant a crime..you fill your prisons with botanists...who make perfect clay for the real criminal;s to get mindless slaves endebited to crime to pay off prison favours...
owed to the real criminals...yes you can buy a joint...but to pay it back you must rob a bank when you get out...its a great system...all them free workers..in govt subsidised PRIVATE prisons
this prison privatisation provides these scum with an unending oversupply of crime...build more universities for the arts and less universities of crime....
all drug use is medicinal...not criminal...what right the right to speak...if you choice in what we chose to grow...its a plant not a drug...criminals have smoking guns...its not criminal to smoke a joint
Posted by johan henrdrick on 08/16/2009 @ 02:31PM PT
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If they get out of jail then they will be able to breed and that will destroy the environment. Though it's awfully expensive, long and repeated prison sentances are the only politically viable way to force contraception.
Posted by Alan Ditmore on 08/16/2009 @ 06:36PM PT
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What are you talking about Alan? Forcing prisoners not to have kids just because they're prisoners. That sounds wrong to me.
Posted by Casey Williams on 08/16/2009 @ 06:56PM PT
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Sounds like modern-day eugenics to me!
Posted by G Daniels on 10/18/2009 @ 01:30AM PT
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Many persons are in prison who do not belong there. Some are framed by the police, prosectors and acquaintences as we see by those released for serious felonies by DNA evidence. Some are non violent who were involved in a non violent crime by peer pressure such as using Marijuana. A close look at the California Sytem of Justice by Federal officials is essential.
Posted by Otto VonAuchvetter on 08/16/2009 @ 10:00PM PT
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In the case of drugs, the police often get low level dealers to sell the largest quantity of their lives and/or cut some substance like cocaine or speed to get a larger statistical bust and make it appear that they nabbed a major drug dealer. But, the bottom line is that we shouldn't be legislating morality and if we legalized, regulated and taxed drugs, prostitution and gambling, we'd be able to sufficiently empty California's prisons while balancing the State and Federal budgets.
But, keeping most prisoners out of prison is not nearly as easy a task. Most have very poor educational skills (in NY the average prison inmate has a fifth grade education) and very poor work histories and skills. In addition they have the wrong crowd to network with regarding getting truly gainful employment and probably have been told so many times that they're failures that they believe this.
So, Karmala Harris' program is a great start, but ultimately it's up to the entire community to give the released prisoners and at risk individuals the moral and material support that they'll need to succeed.
Posted by Andrew Heugel on 08/17/2009 @ 03:09PM PT
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simple way to cut down drug trafficing is to confiscate all funds from drug dealers and put it back in the government and let the drug dealer back on the street with no money, while we as citizens get to spend the drug dealers money and put it to use. if big brother agencies were smart they would do this and the drug trafficers would go broke. or do what china did to stop crime even if it is a violation. have the census tell big brother agencies about who are not real citizens that are living at a house and not paying taxes. and tell the drug dealers if they want to make money selling drugs sell cancer curing drugs that can actually cure the cancer with out killing the person taking it or other prescription drugs. and we won't tax them on that or providing MRI's and xrays at a cheap price while still charging the person. that is one I would like to see the legeslatures pass as a way to fight drug trafficing and something similiar to that for pirating
Posted by Ralph Arnold on 08/20/2009 @ 09:58PM PT
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I'm a little late replying as I was on vacation and catching up on some reading...
My home state of Oregon is starting to have some serious problems with what to do about its prison population. Many ballot measures were pushed through in the 1990's and early 2000's that were so called "tough on crime" measures including one that virtually stripped rehabilitation out of the system.
The obvious problem being that you have some of those people, especially the non-violent ones, who should be given help to stay out of prison in the future. Reality is that it is not happening due to the lack of money and sentencing restrictions passed by the voters (Measure 11).
I very much worry that we will end up like California, with the burden of a huge prison population that is a revolving door with no solution.
Posted by David English on 08/27/2009 @ 04:12AM PT
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As far as "aftercare" and "treatment," what best correlates with lowered recidivism is education. Meaningful and gainful employment is also a good predictor of success.
Perhaps we should be spending more of our money and efforts on improving prisoners' skills and enhancing their self esteem than focusing on "treatment" (aka brainwashing) which is often ineffective due to many counselors' Stone Age counseling techniques.
Posted by Andrew Heugel on 10/18/2009 @ 03:09AM PT
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my question is what are they doing to help these people find jobs? i too have a non violent felony conviction in the state of california and had such a hard time finding a job that i was forced to move out of state where by the way i still havent been able to find anyone to give me a chance. i asked my parole agent for help when i got out and he said he had nothing for me i asked every month for 13 months ive never been in trouble before or after this offense and still cant catch a break!
Posted by julie hemphill on 11/01/2009 @ 05:54PM PT
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I don't know about other states regarding this, but in New York there is a Department of Labor counselor assigned to work with people on probation and parole. The only problem is that the Department of Labor is lousy at finding anyone work.
What seems to work better are the Educational Opportunity Centers, which are affiliated with the community colleges and the State University of New York. At these centers, the only qualification you need is to be low income. They offer courses in Adult Basic Education, Pre-GED, GED and for those with a GED or better, they have courses in Administrative Assistant, Home Health Aide, Direct Care Worker (focus in working with people with developmental disabilities) and Emergency Medical Technician. Each student at one of these centers is assigned a case manager and there are job developers and a job placement services.
I would imagine that the larger states have something similar in and around their major metropolitan areas. If not, this is something that the residents could advocate for.
Posted by Andrew Heugel on 11/01/2009 @ 06:20PM PT
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